Contribute  :  Advanced Search  :  Directory  :  Web Resources  :  Polls  
    Mickey's RV8 Site
 Welcome to Mickey's RV8 Site
 Mon, Sep 06 2010 @ 14:50 in Switzerland

Global warming caused by conduction, not radiation

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsI regularly listen to a podcast from Australia's ABC Radio National called Occam's Razor. One particular episode, featuring Professor Emeritus Duncan Brown from the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, has stuck in my mind, and I'd like to include some of it here. The link for the entire podcast with transcripts is: http://www.abc.net.au/rn/ockhamsrazor/stories/2005/1497147.htm

Here is what I found particularly interesting - the rest of this post is a long quote from Dr. Brown:

In this talk I shall try to put the environmental problems that we face into some sort of perspective. Serious environmental problems are widely acknowledged. They are mostly identified as specific challenges, such as deforestation, soil and water degradation, loss of biodiversity, and of course, global warming. The essence of my argument is that all of these challenges, while very serious, are actually symptoms of a much more dangerous predicament, a human population that is too large and too dependent on technology to be sustainable.

But let me begin with some comments on global warming, the symptom that currently seems to receive most attention and is discussed almost entirely in the context of the 'greenhouse effect'. This is an interesting example of widespread acceptance of a conventional wisdom while other more significant factors are largely overlooked or ignored.

To simplify: the earth's average atmospheric temperature is estimated to have risen by about 0.6 degrees Celsius over the past century. This heating is attributed predominantly to absorption by carbon dioxide of infrared radiation. The current average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is estimated to be 372 parts per million, thought to be the highest for at least 420,000 years. But water also absorbs infrared radiation, and there is much more of that in the atmosphere than there is of carbon dioxide.

Many factors have contributed to heating the atmosphere since the advent of agriculture. They include major changes to the earth's surface, especially deforestation with its associated loss of cooling by 'evapotranspiration'; the growth of cities, which are recognised as 'urban heat islands'; an increase in the total biomass of mammals; and most significantly, the heat produced by enormous increases in rates of combustion.

The quantity of so-called 'fossil' carbon burnt in 2003 amounted to some 6 Giga tonnes. Fossil carbon occurs in a wide range of substances which are not identified in that statistic; but to oversimplify and assume for example that it was distributed equally among anthracite coal and three significant components of motor fuel: pentane, hexane and decane, the heat produced amounted to 74 billion Giga calories for the year. Ignoring a range of atmospheric variables which are virtually impossible to quantify, that amount of heat has the capacity to raise atmospheric temperature by 0.06 degrees Celsius annually. Variables or not, that would seem to be enough to make a very substantial contribution to an increase of 0.6 degrees Celsius over a century. And that takes no account of other significant types of combustion, such as bushfires.

One of the curious aspects of the overwhelming focus on carbon dioxide and the 'greenhouse effect' is that it attributes the heating process entirely to radiation and ignores direct heating by contact and conduction. Of course primary solar heating occurs by radiation and heat is lost from the planet by radiation. But much, and indeed probably most of the heat transfer within the planet's boundaries involves conduction. Carbon dioxide at its present concentration is irrelevant to direct heating of the atmosphere in that way.

The focus on greenhouse gases would not matter at a practical level if it led to a reduction in overall combustion. But if it provokes chemical binding of carbon dioxide, or its geosequestration, which amounts to burying it underground, or the use of alternative fuels such as hydrogen, the primary heating problem will not be addressed and there will certainly be a range of disturbing, unintended consequences.
 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Another reason to not use "formatted" mail

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsHere is what your HTML or formatted E-mail looks like in reality.
Scroll down to the single . at the bottom.
Over 18793 bytes to communicate a 622 byte message.
And you wonder why your PC gets slower with each release of Windoze.


From - Mon Jan 30 22:16:48 2006
X-Account-Key: account1
X-UIDL: 0f6e05b5204b0000
X-Mozilla-Status: 0011
X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000
Received: by trumpet (mbox mick)
(with Cubic Circle's cucipop (v1.31 1998/05/13) Mon Jan 30 22:15:46 2006)
X-From_: sentto-15356120-645-1138655751-mc=rv8.ch@returns.groups.yahoo.com Mon Jan 30 22:14:53 2006
Return-Path: <sentto-15356120-645-1138655751-mc=rv8.ch@returns.groups.yahoo.com>
Received: from n9a.bullet.scd.yahoo.com (n9a.bullet.scd.yahoo.com [66.94.237.43])
by trumpet.psinet.ch (8.12.9/8.12.9) with SMTP id k0ULEo1e043466
for <mc@rv8.ch>; Mon, 30 Jan 2006 22:14:51 +0100
Comment: DomainKeys? See http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys
DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; s=lima; d=yahoogroups.com;
b=qCc2SwcJU+xVUA0ERK2369s6PhBeVMSJt3C33Gc6mVV7liKjEz8oalvbgmv5XenROif5iJ4SkYQLYhWg3JESgfuUcm+zRhQ1OwZYSAmjZjzMjlPllh06pzF17oFIru1x;
Received: from [66.218.66.59] by n9.bullet.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 30 Jan 2006 21:15:51 -0000
Received: from [66.218.66.34] by t8.bullet.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 30 Jan 2006 21:15:51 -0000
X-Yahoo-Newman-Property: groups-email
X-Sender: NOspam@avamail.net
X-Apparently-To: GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com
Received: (qmail 18744 invoked from network); 30 Jan 2006 21:15:48 -0000
Received: from unknown (66.218.66.166)
by m28.grp.scd.yahoo.com with QMQP; 30 Jan 2006 21:15:48 -0000
Received: from unknown (HELO smtpout06-04.prod.mesa1.secureserver.net) (64.202.165.224)
by mta5.grp.scd.yahoo.com with SMTP; 30 Jan 2006 21:15:48 -0000
Received: (qmail 11832 invoked from network); 30 Jan 2006 21:14:43 -0000
Received: from unknown (195.186.206.119)
by smtpout06-04.prod.mesa1.secureserver.net (64.202.165.227) with ESMTP; 30 Jan 2006 21:14:41 -0000
To: <GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com>
Message-ID: <003501c625e2$2dbfd0e0$73191218@VENUS>
X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11
X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2670
In-Reply-To: <017b01c625d7$7e486d70$057ba8c0@farr.com>
Thread-Index: AcYl2cDVuhABgbtNRUu3UkUzS7bXIQAAiPZA
X-Originating-IP: 64.202.165.224
X-eGroups-Msg-Info: 1:12:0:0
From: "Donald Willard Garrett III" <NOspam@avamail.net>
X-Yahoo-Profile: dwgarrett3
Sender: GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com
MIME-Version: 1.0
Mailing-List: list GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com; contact GlassPanel-owner@yahoogroups.com
Delivered-To: mailing list GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com
List-Id: <GlassPanel.yahoogroups.com>
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <mailto:GlassPanel-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com>
Old-Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2006 22:14:36 +0100
Subject: RE: [GlassPanel] New poll for GlassPanel
Reply-To: GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0036_01C625EA.8F8438E0"
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2006 21:14:54 GMT

------=_NextPart_000_0036_01C625EA.8F8438E0
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hmm...I didn't know that, thanks for the heads-up. Is it really that bad--I
mean, we're talking kilobytes here, text, no graphics--does it really make
that big a difference?

As I mentioned, it's not useless crap to me, it's quite useful. How many
people is "everybody"? It's a matter of $10.00 per month more for broadband
these days--if a few extra kilobytes are that much of an inconvenience
(isn't time money, too?), why not solve the problem permanently, since
graphics and streaming media are not going away? Broadband installation is a
complete no-brainer, so it's a relatively painless transition.

Donald Garrett

_____

From: GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com [mailto:GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com] On
Behalf Of jesse farr
Sent: Monday, January 30, 2006 20:58
To: GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [GlassPanel] New poll for GlassPanel



Yes! Donals, you are missing one of the most important things of email
etiquette. Those of us with broadband do not really think about it as much
as we used to when we had to do relay email around the country; but, wasting
space and consuming bandwidth by shipping already read and/or otherwise
useless crap penalizes/paralyses those on dial up. And, some folks
especially in aircraft field are not right down the road on cable, dsl or
isdn and/or otherwise getting unlimited calls, they can be where they even
have to pay for the time consumed in transit. Be nice, save them money, me
and you time and try and make everybody happy, just top post, trim and, YES,
do change subject line if topic is changed. Thanks,

jofarr, soddy tn



----- Original Message -----

From: Donald Willard Garrett III <mailto:NOspam@avamail.net>



So that means, to review the conversation thread to get up to speed on a
topic, I have to open all the previous emails on the topic, rather that
simply scrolling down in the current one? How is that an improvement? Why
not agree to simply start a new subject / topic if the current reply is off
the topic of the thread?

Am I missing something?



SPONSORED LINKS


Root
<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Root+cause+analysis&w1=Root+cause+analy
sis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+mai
ntenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=X9hj
q04jVdQwQuZSmaPNYg> cause analysis

Aviation

<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+maintenance&w1=Root+cause+anal
ysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+ma
intenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=ZIO
SSrc3jYOhvb25Hap6Zg> maintenance

Aviation
<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+maintenance+training&w1=Root+c
ause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Av
iation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164

&.sig=r4wxnXflhm_QYqAr8pLUNA> maintenance training


Aviation
<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w1=Root+ca
use+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Avi
ation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&
.sig=vrYJHJVYQI8ri-aU76bXmQ> maintenance schools

Aviation
<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+school&w1=Root+cause+analysis&;
w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+mainten
ance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=zpqIKaI9
lVmg0NBweatrZg> school

Aviation

<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+training&w1=Root+cause+analysi
s&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maint
enance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=iqyu7n
6BKE2BX-5TcSy5Rw> training



_____

YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS



* Visit your group "GlassPanel
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GlassPanel>; " on the web.

* To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
GlassPanel-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
<mailto:GlassPanel-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe>

* Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo!
<http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>; Terms of Service.



_____


------=_NextPart_000_0036_01C625EA.8F8438E0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">;

<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">

<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<title>Message</title>
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Verdana;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana;
color:windowtext;}
h1
{margin-top:12.0pt;
margin-right:0mm;
margin-bottom:3.0pt;
margin-left:0mm;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana;
color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal;}
p.MsoToc1, li.MsoToc1, div.MsoToc1
{margin-top:0mm;
margin-right:0mm;
margin-bottom:0mm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-36.0pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana;
color:windowtext;}
p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana;
color:windowtext;}
p.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana;
color:windowtext;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana;
color:navy;}
tt
{font-family:"Courier New";}
span.EmailStyle23
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:Verdana;
color:navy;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none none;}
span.style11
{font-family:Verdana;
color:navy;}
span.EmailStyle25
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:Verdana;
color:navy;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none none;}
span.EmailStyle26
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:Verdana;
color:navy;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none none;}
/* Page Definitions */
@page
{mso-endnote-separator:url("cid:header.htm@01C625EA.8E365C20") es;
mso-endnote-continuation-separator:url("cid:header.htm@01C625EA.8E365C20") ecs;}
@page Section1
{size:210.0mm 842.0pt;
margin:70.9pt 30.0mm 70.9pt 30.0mm;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1928538232;
mso-list-template-ids:2113557292;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:F0B7;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
@list l0:level1 lfo2
{mso-level-start-at:0;
mso-level-numbering:continue;
mso-level-text:F0A7;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0mm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0mm;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->

</head>

<body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue>



<div class=Section1>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;color:navy'>Hmm...I didn&#8217;t know that, thanks for the heads-up. Is it
really that bad--I mean, we&#8217;re talking kilobytes here, text, no graphics--does
it really make that big a difference?<br>
<br>
As I mentioned, it&#8217;s not useless crap to me, it&#8217;s quite useful. How
many people is &#8220;everybody&#8221;? It&#8217;s a matter of $10.00 per month
more for broadband these days--if a few extra kilobytes are that much of an inconvenience
(isn&#8217;t time money, too?), why not solve the problem permanently, since graphics
and streaming media are not going away? Broadband installation is a complete no-brainer,
so it&#8217;s a relatively painless transition.<br>

<br>
<span class=style11><font color=navy face=Verdana>Donald Garrett</font></span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>

<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>

</span></font></div>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font face=Tahoma><span
style='font-family:Tahoma'> GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b>jesse farr<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, January 30, 2006
20:58<br>

<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> GlassPanel@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [GlassPanel] New poll
for GlassPanel</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Yes! Donals, you are missing one of the most important
things of email etiquette. Those of us with broadband do not really think about
it as much as we used to when we had to do relay email around the country; but,
wasting space and consuming bandwidth by shipping already read and/or otherwise
useless crap penalizes/paralyses those on dial up. And, some folks especially
in aircraft field are not right down the road on cable, dsl or isdn and/or
otherwise getting unlimited calls, they can be where they even have to pay for
the time consumed in transit. Be nice, save them money, me and you time and try
and make everybody happy, just&nbsp;top post, trim and, YES, do change subject
line if topic is changed. Thanks,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>jofarr, soddy tn</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0mm;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>----- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<div style='font-color:black'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'> <a href="mailto:NOspam@avamail.net"
title="NOspam@avamail.net">Donald Willard Garrett III</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;color:navy'>So that means, to review the conversation thread to get up
to speed on a topic, I have to open all the previous emails on the topic,
rather that simply scrolling down in the current one? How is that an
improvement? Why not agree to simply start a new subject / topic if the current
reply is off the topic of the thread?<br>
<br>
Am I missing something?</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</blockquote>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Verdana><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>





<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->

<br><br>
<div style="width:500px; text-align:right; margin-bottom:1px; color:#909090;">
<tt>SPONSORED LINKS</tt>
</div>
<table bgcolor=#e0ecee cellspacing="13" cellpadding="0" width=500px>
<tr valign=top>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Root+cause+analysis&w1=Root+cause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=X9hjq04jVdQwQuZSmaPNYg">Root cause analysis</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+maintenance&w1=Root+cause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=ZIOSSrc3jYOhvb25Hap6Zg">Aviation maintenance</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+maintenance+training&w1=Root+cause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=r4wxnXflhm_QYqAr8pLUNA">Aviation maintenance training</a></tt>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w1=Root+cause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=vrYJHJVYQI8ri-aU76bXmQ">Aviation maintenance schools</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+school&w1=Root+cause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=zpqIKaI9lVmg0NBweatrZg">Aviation school</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Aviation+training&w1=Root+cause+analysis&w2=Aviation+maintenance&w3=Aviation+maintenance+training&w4=Aviation+maintenance+schools&w5=Aviation+school&w6=Aviation+training&c=6&s=164&.sig=iqyu7n6BKE2BX-5TcSy5Rw">Aviation training</a></tt>
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>


<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->



<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->

<br>
<div style="text-align:center; color:#909090; width:500px;">
<hr style="border-bottom:1px; width:500px; text-align:left;">
<tt>YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS</tt>
</div>
<br>
<ul>
<tt><li type=square>&nbsp;Visit your group "<a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GlassPanel">GlassPanel</a>"; on the web.<br>&nbsp;</tt>
<tt><li type=square>&nbsp;To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:<br>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:GlassPanel-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">GlassPanel-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com</a><br>&nbsp;</tt>
<tt><li type=square>&nbsp;Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">Yahoo! Terms of Service</a>.</tt>

</ul>
<br>
<div style="text-align:center; color:#909090; width:500px;">
<hr style="border-bottom:1px; width:500px; text-align:left;">
</div>
</br>

<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->


</body>

</html>

------=_NextPart_000_0036_01C625EA.8F8438E0--


.

 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Bolt Engineering - Torque to yield and Torque/Angle Tighten (TTY & TAT)

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsMore great information on bolts and torque from Clare Snyder on the airsoob list:

I'm not going to argue - but I'm not the only one who dissagrees with you.
Google "Torque to yield" and you will find a LOT of informantion. A small
sampling follows.
How about the following:

The secrets of bolt tightening
by Jim Kerr

The way cars are put together has changed. Adhesives, plastic clips and even
Velcro have replaced most of the screws and trim nails used to hold panels
together in the past. Bolts, however, are still used for assembling most of
the mechanical components, but even bolts have changed too. Many engines now
use torque-to-yield bolts to connect major assemblies.

Torque-to-yield bolts are exactly what they sound like. They stretch to the
yield point as they are tightened. These bolts are commonly used where exact
clamping loads are required on parts. You may find them used to hold
cylinder heads, connecting rods, crankshaft main bearing caps, flywheels and
front engine dampers. When a shop manual indicates that a bolt is to be
discarded and new ones used, they are almost always torque-to yield bolts.

Buying new bolts every time one is removed seems expensive and a waste of
time. After all, the old bolts still look good, but looks can be deceiving.
Reusing the old bolts can cause expensive engine failure. During the
tightening process, the bolts have been pulled to their elastic limit. The
bolts actually stretch. Only new bolts can provide the even clamping force
needed on today's engines.





And:



:Tech Tips:


TORQUE - TO - YIELD

CYLINDER HEAD BOLTS

Bolt Performance

Under the application of load, all bolts exhibit four main phases; the
elastic phase, the plastic phase, the yield point and the shear point. In
the elastic phase a bolt will stretch under tension but return to its
original length when the load is removed. As we continue to apply load the
bolt reaches the plastic phase from which it can no longer recover to its
original length and is now permanently stretched, The point that separates
the elastic phase from the plastic phase is called the yield point of the
bolt. Finally, if we continue to apply load the shear point is reached and
the bolt material wastes and breaks.

Torque to yield head bolts

Torque to yield (TTY) bolts, also commonly referred to as angle torque or
stretch bolts, are used in many of today's modern engines predominantly for
cylinder head bolts but also main bearing and big end caps.

Compared to conventional type bolts, TTY bolts offer the engine manufacturer
a number of advantages including greater flexibility of design, reductions
in component costs, more accurate assembly and reliability of seal. Engines
designed utilising TTY head bolts require fewer head bolts to achieve the
desired clamping loads then those using conventional bolts. With fewer bolts
the engine manufacturer has more flexibility in cylinder head and block
design as well as reducing the cost of the engine.

Whilst TTY bolts are attractive to the engine manufacturer, there are
disadvantages to the engine repairer. For the most of us it would be
unthinkable to replace a conventional head bolt unless the bolt was damaged,
i.e. stripped threads, the bolt head was rounded off, the shank was severely
corroded or pitted.

Conventional head bolts simply just did not wear out. Torque to yield head
bolts however, by the very nature of their design, do wear out and should
NEVER be reused.

Installing Cylinder Head Bolts (General Information)

When installing cylinder head bolts (and any bolt that has to be tightened
to a specified torque), the thread of the bolt and under the head of the
bolt should be oiled before assembly. This will give 2 - 3 times the loading
over a dry assembly. Where head bolts penetrate into the water jacket, coat
the threads with a non hardening sealant.

Installing TTY Bolts

TTY head bolts are also tightened in a series of stages and in sequence,
however they are not tightened to a predetermined torque, they are tightened
through a series of specified angles. This data is provided by the engine
manufacturer and should always be adhered to. While the first step in the
tightening process is normally stated as a torque figure it is done so only
to provide a uniform baseline from which the true load is then applied. This
is commonly referred to as a pre-load or snug torque. A typical tightening
specification would look as follows:

uniformly tighten in sequence in several passes to 78Nm

tighten in sequence 90°

tighten in sequence a further 90°

This procedure ensures that friction does not cause an uneven bolt loading
and that the correct high tension is achieved every time during assembly. It
is essential that a quality wrench with an accurate angle gauge be used to
achieve the correct angles of turn of the tightening process.

Unlike a conventional bolt, TTY bolts are tightened beyond their elastic
range past their yield point from which the bolt material can recover to its
original length, and into the plastic phase of the bolt material. The bolt
is permanently stretched and for this reason should not be reused. The
reliability of these bolts once stretched is greatly reduced. If they are
reused, they are permanently stretched further a second or third time. It is
also for this reason why you should never retorque a torque to yield bolt.

Some engine manufactures provide a measurement within which a head bolt may
be reused, however the age and history of the bolt is not taken into
account. The bolt may well be within specification to pass a simple
measurement test but the bolt could be very close to its shear point. Only
one failed bolt can result in serious combustion leakage. The cost of a new
set of TTY bolts is well justified when compared to the cost of having to
repair an engine for the second time because of insufficient clamping load
due to bolt fatigue.

This information was supplied by Gasmiser, suppliers of Gasmiser Head Bolts.



And, from a Volvo list:

There are three basic methods to bolt down a cylinder head:

...tightening the head bolt [or stud nut] to a specific torque reading using
a torque wrench. This is known as the "Torque" method. It is the method that
has been used since engines were first built.

...tightening the head bolt to a specific torque reading, known as a 'snug
torque' value, to equalize the pressures on the head gasket, and to
establish the basis point for the next step; which is to turn the bolt a
specific number of degrees...to turn the bolt a specified angle [example: a
90 degree angle tightening is a quarter of a turn]. This is known as the
"Angle Tighten", "Angle Tension", "Torque/Angle", or "Torque/Angle Tighten"
method. I will refer to this as TAT.

...or tighten the bolt to a specified torque value for the reasons stated
above; then turn the bolt a specified number of degrees [like in the TAT
method] either one time, or do the angle tightening precedure twice [as in
one round of 90 degree turns of the bolts, followed by another round of 90
degree turns of the bolts]; the purpose of this method being to stretch the
bolt to the point of "Yield". This method is known as "Torque to Yield", or
"TTY" for short.

Because the procedure for the "Torque/Angle" and the "Torque to Yield"
methods are basically identical, they are often confused and mis-identified.
I have been guilty of such confusion and mis-identification. [which is WHY I
am posting this here now]

Despite the similarity of procedure, the goals of the two methods are QUITE
different. Since both the TAT and TTY methods are derived from, and purposed
to improve upon, the original "Torque" method; a quick review of the
original method is in order.

The "Torque" method has worked for years, in spite of the main deficiency:
the torque reading used is dependent on, and very affected by, the friction
of the bolt threads/block hole threads and the bolt head base/cylinder head
material under the bolt head base. Upwards of 90% of the applied torque to
tighten the bolt can be and actually is used to fight the friction. What
that means is that only 10% of the torque applied to the bolt ends up as
being used to apply the clamping force of the fastener. Besides being a
considerable source of loss of applied clamp, the friction is a variable
that causes considerable variation in accuracy of the clamp pressure
applied. Reports that I have read indicate an accuracy variation of as much
as 35% in clamp force applied using the "Torque" method.

Over the years, the bolts were improved with stronger materials and better
thread designs...rolled threads as an example...and improved thread
lubricants; all in the pursuit of a stronger and more accurate clamping
force applied. "Studs" were developed and implemented to improve upon the
basic head bolt/torque down procedure. The classic head bolt or "stud kit"
work very well.

The "Torque" method, using either head bolts or studs/nuts, is intended to
turn the bolt [or the stud's nut] enough to actually stretch the bolt [or
stud] a few thousandths of an inch. It is this stretching [AKA "tensioning"]
of the bolt or stud that actually applies the clamping force.

If the bolt or stud is only stretched a certain amount, then when it is
loosened it will return to its original length. Stretching the bolt or stud
within this area of 'stretchability/return to length' is known as stretching
the bolt/stud within it's 'elastic' area. If the bolt or stud are tightened
to the point that the stretching cannot "unstretch", the bolt/stud will not
return to original length when loosened. This point beyond 'stretch/return
to length' is known as the "Yield" point.

Classic head bolts and studs are designed and torque specified to be
tightened to a point below the Yield Point, AKA 'percentage of yield";
usually about 75% to 80% of yield. in other words, when you torque down a
classic head bolt to the specified torque wrench reading, you are trying to
stretch the bolt to a point just under the point at which the bolt will
permanently stretch out of length. When staying under the Yield Point, the
clampimg force applied will be at the maximum possible. It is this "maximum
possible clamping force" that is the reason why many prefer to use either
the classic style head bolt, or upgrade to studs.

If 'maximum possible clamping force' were all we had to be concerned with,
then there would be little problem with making a choice regarding type of
fastener used: the classic style head bolt or stud would be the premier
choice. BUT, there is more to it than just how much of a clamp is applied.
Which is why and where TAT and TTY come into the picture.

The TAT method is actually a refinement of the "Torque" method. Its purpose
was to find a way to minimize the variations caused by friction. Knowing the
thread size and pitch, it is easy to determine just how many thousandths of
an inch the bolt [of a known diameter and material] will stretch if it is
turned a certain number of degrees. The angle tightening method is a way of
more accurately stretching the bolt. Reports that I have read indicate a
accuracy variation in clamping force applied using the angle tightening
method to be in the 15% range...a considerable improvement over the "Torque"
method.

It is very important to remember that the TAT method, while more accurately
stretching the bolt than the "Torque" method, is still a method that only
stretches the bolt BELOW the Yield Point:

...TAT stretches the bolt to a percentage of yield...the bolt remains in the
elastic area of tension...

'Torque To Yield' is different from 'Torque' and 'TAT' because with TTY, the
goal is to tighten the bolt to the Yield Point....and actually a bit beyond
that into the plastic area of stretch.

WHY? To stretch the bolt beyond the permanent elongation point seems
counterproductive: you are going beyond the maximum clamping force
capability to the point of over stretching the bolt.

Like I said: there is more to it than just maximum applied clamping force.

With the classic style head bolt or stud, the tensioning below yield does
provide a very steady clamping force. The steadiness of the clamp is the
problem. With the use of aluminum cylinder heads, the needs for clamp
changed. Instead of a maximum clamp applied being optimal, a steady clamp
that can allow for the thermal expansion of the aluminum head without
exceeding the compressibility of the head gasket became more important. The
classic head bolt or stud does expand and allow for some thermal expansion,
but the flexibility was not quite optimal. When the aluminum head warms up
at full operating temperature, it grows in size, putting more bolt tension
on the head gasket, and on the aluminum itself. This results in brinelling
of the head surface where the fire rings of the head gasket are located,
overcompression of the HG itself, and distortion of the aluminum around the
head bolts. If the HG cannot handle the excessive pressure that occurs, it
will remain permanently thinner; so that when the engine cools down, the HG
does not provide as good a seal between the head and block. Over time, this
will lead to HG failure.

Enter TTY. By stretching the bolt beyond the yield point, and into the
plastic range, the maximum clamp applied is reduced; but by being in the
plastic range, the bolt can and does give more with the thermal expansion of
the aluminum head. The clamp is not as great; but it is steadier throughout
the temperature range...a very important thing when using aluminum for head
casting material. HG longevity is increased; and brinelling and distortion
of the head is reduced.

...[sounds good to me]...

There is one other good result of using TTY bolts: a further reduction in
the variation of applied clamp force between the bolts. Reports that I have
read indicate that TTY bolts reduce the variation to the 7% range; a very
considerable improvement over the classic style "Torque" head bolts. This
means that using TTY bolts can provide a very improved uniformity of clamp
around the head.

...[and that sounds real good to me as well]...

So far, it sounds like going with TTYs is a good choice; and that Volvo did
that when they superceded the old style bolts with the new style bolts. And
based on appearances of the new style bolts, and the revised tightening
procedure, it sure looks like they are TTYs.

AND, up until recently, I viewed them as TTYs, called them TTYs, and
defended their use as being better than the old style bolts based on the
assumption that they were TTYs.

I was wrong. They are NOT TTYs. [a statement that will probably earn me some
misapprobation]

As stated earlier, the tightening procedure for TATs and TTYs are nearly
identical: an initial torque; usually followed by another torque; then a
final angle tightening. Often, TTYs receive two angle tightening rounds, but
not always.

Normally, TTY bolts are a one time use; but that is not necessarily the case
either. So, the fact that the new style bolts CAN be reused up to four times
[as per the green manual] is not absolute proof that the new style bolts are
NOT TTYs.

The biggest reason that most [myself included until recently] consider the
new style bolts to be TTYs is the appearance of the bolt itself: it has the
reduced diameter section between the head and the threads. Combine the
appearance with the angle tightening and the reasonable conclusion to be
drawn is that they are indeed TTYs.

BUT, there is one very important thing that needs to happen when tightening
down a TTY bolt that does NOT happen when tightening down the new style
bolts on a Volvo redblock: the YIELD.

In all the motors on which I have tightened down the new style bolts,
following the factory procedure [15 lbs-ft, 45 lbs-ft, angle tighten 90
degrees], I have never felt the bolts yield. And when a bolt yields, you CAN
feel it. It feels like you have started to pull the threads. I have
overtightened bolts on other things; I KNOW the feeling of the yield.

The new style bolts are NOT TTYs; they are TATs.

The final angle tightening part of the procedure is to improve the clamp
force accuracy. The reduced diameter section of the bolt body is to provide
the flexibility needed to respond to the thermal expansion of the aluminum
head; without having to go with a 'one-time-use-only' bolt. The new style
bolts can be reused up to four times, IF there is no evidence of the bolt
having stretched! By its very nature, a TTY bolt WILL be stretched when
loosened. The new style Volvo bolts are not supposed to stretch: if they do,
you replace them.

In Conclusion:

That is how I see it; and I have stated my reasons. I will continue to use
the new style bolts. BECAUSE they are better than the old style bolts.

Footnote for the skeptical:

...in the Penta redblocks, the same HG and the same part number head bolts
are used. Penta gives a head bolt tightening procedure of: 15 lbs-ft; 45
lbs-ft; angle tighten 120 degrees. The Penta manual also states that those
head bolts CAN be reused up to four times, if they have not stretched.

Hmmmm...sounds like even a 120 degree angle tightening is less than the
yield point.

UPDATE: A point that I have confirmed in practice: no YIELD at 120 degrees
angle tightening.

Anyway....just something for the skeptics to ponder and mutter about.
 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Crooks and scammers

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsAnytime you get an E-mail that says to click a link, and
re-confirm data, or any other junk like that, just delete
it.

You can get these from banks, credit card companies,
the government, lotteries, etc. None are legitimate,
and all will totally fleece your bank account or CC
if you enter any information.

*Never* click on a link sent to you in an
unsolicited E-mail message!

Double *never* fill out a form on the web with
personal information!

If you didn't initiate the transaction (like going
to Amazon.com), *never* enter your credit card number!

*Never* give *anyone* your date of birth or social
security number, unless they are an employer. People
who have your name, DOB, and SSN can steal your
identity very easily. That's all they need. Never
tell anyone your mother's maiden name. That's another
dumb security thing that the government uses, and
scammers can use to steal your identity, and your money.

No one important, like the FBI or any other government
agency, would use E-mail to contact you with important
information, unless you have contacted them first by
E-mail.

There are a lot of crooks using the net to make a lot
of money. Don't be a victim!
 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Ebay Scams - watch out!

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
Ramblings

Watch out when buying things on eBay. There are a lot of scammers out there.

If they want you to pay with Western Union, watch out! No legit business that I have heard of would require payment with Western Union.

Offer to visit with them and pay cash on the spot. This will flush out the scammers. If they say that they live in a remote place, like Romania or Indonesia, tell them your brother lives there, and he will be happy to go pick up the item. Tell them you are a corporate pilot, and you fly near there every week. You get the idea.

Here is an actual E-mail from one of the scammers:


From: Vero576@aol.com
Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2005 10:16:25 EST
Subject: Re: ebay item 6579193594
To: x@y.z


My name is MADALIN MIREL MORARU .In order to end this deal in good terms i
am going to
tell you some things that i want to follow:
 1.GENERAL INFO- It is better for you to know that the item is
brand new it has never been opened, have international warranty
provided by the factory and come with all accesories that you need.
 2. SHIPPMENT ---this is a thing about you shouldn't
worry about because i belive that it is my responasability to
deliver it to your home.We can do it through
 -UPS  overnighted  
  It will take one  day and a half for the package to arrive to
your door.The shipping costs will be paid by me and i will also pay for the
insurance in case of any damage happens during the handling and shipping,so
i will be protected in case of damages and you too.
 3.THE WAY TO PAY ---as a payment method i have
chosen WesternUnion's services because they always served our
interests in a professional manner and helped us gain buyers. i consider
promptitude a vital condition on the modern e-Commerce markets and a
guarantee of quality. To arrange the transfer, you must go in person to a
Western Union office and send the money from your name and address to my name
and address .Here are the details that you need for the money transfer:

First:MADALIN MIREL
Second:MORARU
street:BAia Doamnei 323
City:MARACINENI 
State:Buzau
Country:Romania

Please be carrefull with my first and last name. 
For sending the money you must find a western union agent location and send
the money from there because western union don't send the money online in
Romania  
After that, you will recive an confirmation number and
I want you to send me the folowing details :
 -the sender name
 -the sender address
 -the amount
 -MTCN (money transfer control number)
4. REFOUND  ---After the package arrives you have an 7 days period in which
you can send the package back for an full and NO 
 QUESTION refound,but you will pay for the shipping and handlling back to me.
 5.TAXES  ---There may be some customs duties for you to pay, but if you
wish we can avoid them (if any): 
ME --i have to declare the item as a gift for you and in this way you will
pay NO costum fees and you will receive the item very fast. 
YOU--have to declare at Western Union that you send the money to a friend
in Romania that need this money, in this way when 
 our deal will be finished and i get the money from W.U. without problems.
Please let me know when you can make the payment and after this i will
start the delivery process.
I hope you agree my terms and we will close this deal
sucessfully.
 I look forward hearing from you.
 Thanks!

 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

RV6A crash and the knife that helped the pilot escape

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsThis is a letter written by the pilot involved in this accident.

I received your letter asking for more details in my recent RV accident. I have had a number of similar requests so I will publish this on the web. It will be long but hopefully will be useful for other RV pilots.

I am 70 years of age with over 6,200 hours total time and over 100 hours in the RV6A in the last 6 months. I lost my medical three years ago because of two stints placed in my heart. My doctors, who are world class, one who was selected Nation's Outstanding Physician of the Year, pronounced me fit to fly and to participate in any other activity I enjoyed. I have always been very active playing tennis, riding horses, and recently I rode my motorcycle to California and Nova Scotia. In a normal day's routine, I spend an hour on the treadmill with a grade up to 12 percent and speed up to 4.0 miles an hour. My doctors say the FAA is nuts. I have offered to have any procedure that the FAA would accept to restore my medical. My doctors say for me to have any intervention would be foolish at the least, and malpractice at the worst.

I own a Duchess (BE76), but with the talk about dropping the requirements of a medical for a third class license, I bought the RV6A hoping this would happen and that the FAA would gain some sanity. For three years I hired a pilot to fly with me from Waycross, Georgia, where I live, to Atlanta, Georgia, where I work, which is about 250 mile each way. I make over 60 round trips per year, so being able to fly was a big convenience. On New Year's Day, 2003, it was not convenient for any of my three pilots whom I normally hire to ride with me, so I flew solo on the day of the accident.

The RV6A was bought in California and I prevailed upon our local RV guru, Vern Darley, who is a former airline pilot and A&E mechanic, along with a current Delta pilot, to fly to California to inspect the RV6A and fly it to Georgia. The RV6A performed flawlessly for about 50 hours, then taxiing out on a trip to Waycross, Georgia, from Peachtree City, Georgia, it quit inexplicably on the taxiway. Being very cautious, I had the carburetor and engine driven fuel pump replaced. It ran fine for 2 round trips to Waycross, approximately 6 hours, and then quit again on the taxiway. At this time, I replaced all fuel lines, auxiliary fuel pump, and pulled the fuel selector valve for a complete inspection. At that point nothing was left in the original fuel system except the tanks.

I flew the RV6A for 40 more hours with no problems to its final flight on 1/1/03. On the final flight, I left Waycross with both tanks full of fuel, the weather was 2000 feet overcast and visiblity was good. Forty-five minutes into the flight, I switched from the left fuel tank to the right fuel tank over the Perry, Georgia, Airport, using the normal procedure of boost pump on before switching tanks and after 4 minutes, turning the boost pump off. Sixty-five minutes into the flight, I noticed the RPM had dropped 150 below the normal cruise of 2300, so I increased the RPM back up to 2300 by applying more throttle. The 0-320 engine has a fixed pitch prop, so everything returned to normal. I crossed the outer market at F.C; at the appropriate altitude I enriched the mixture, turned on the boost pump, applied carburetor heat and nosed over onto the virtual glide slope and reduced power. The engine quit abruptly, so I returned the throttle to the full open position, switched the tanks back to the left tank, turned the boost pump off for a few seconds, turned the boost pump back on, and returned the mixture back to whree it was prior to the power loss. I went through this procedure trying to get the power back on and nothing I did would bring the engine back to life.

While doing all this, I was looking for the best place to land. I knew there was a railroad on a 20 foot high embankment, perpendicular to my path that I had to cross, and I was concerned about avoiding the approach lights after crossing the railroad. I knew I could not make the runway, so I tried to find the best place to make a forced landing. The best spot had small trees and heavy brush in a swampy area. It also had a 3-foot concrete culvert that was not visible. The right wheel pant caught the culvert but I was able to make a normal landing. The brush and the mud caught the nose gear and I went over and upside down. I ended up in the luggage compartment, out of the shoulder harness and seatbelt. No bruises, no broken bones, and only a skinned forehead caused by the sunshade on the top of the cockpit. I could hear the boost pump running and was able to reach between the seats to turn off the master switch. I tried to kick the plexi glass canopy out but was unsuccessful. I took my pocketknife, which I always carry, out of my left pocket and was able to break a small hole that was large enough for me to ease out. I cut my hands on the plexi glass, which accounted for what little blood that was in the airplane.

After exiting the airplane and surveying the damage, I called Vern Darley on my cell phone. He and another RV pilot arrived in a few minutes, and we contemplated how to remove the airplane. The last airplane to arrive that day flew over us, saw the airplane upside down, and called and alerted the fixed base operator. In a few minutes the place was awash in blue lights.

The FAA arrived about an hour later and will probably make an example out of me becuase I have held a public office in Georgia since 1965. I have told my attorney to enter a guilty plea and I will pay whatever fine they assess for flying without a current medical. The RV6A was insured but I filed no claim for I knew flying without a current medical invalidated my insurance policy.

The FAA has not returned the carburetor yet, and I suspect their finding will be carburetor ice. In the view of the two other engine stoppages, I am not sure that we will ever know. If I had any advice to the other RV pilots, it would be to buy the very best shoulder harnesses that are available; mine was a 4-point hookup and it saved me from any injury. The knife that I would recommend is one with a locking blade so that when it is used there would be no chance for the blade to fold against your hand. Also it is important to carry a knife or tool on your person to insure that it can be retrieved under any circumstance. In this situation I was unable to access any tool stored in the front of the cockpit.

The RV6A was a total loss, with the exception of the panel, engine, prop, and the nose spinner. So I have a complete panel forward looking for an RV home. If I can answer any questions, you may email me at eldridge@legis.state.ga.us or call me at 404-656-5040. I will be flying again as soon as my Duchess is out of its annual inspection. I am enclosing pictures of the RV and also a picture of the knife I used that day.

Frank Eldridge Jr.
Secretary of the Senate
State Capitol
Room 353
Atlanta, Georgia 30334
404-656-5040

The knife that Frank used to escape his overturned RV6A

The RV6A in question.

Frank Eldridge Jr., secretary of the Senate, sends a message to the balcony doorkeeper before reading a resolution honoring 4-H members Tuesday morning 2/15/05 in the Senate chamber. Copyright ben gray/Atlanta Journal Constitution

Update: Frank Eldridge, Jr. passed away on February 4, 2006 of an apparent heart attack. He was 73. http://www.legis.ga.gov/legis/2005_06/senate/index2.htm


Frank Eldridge, Jr.
(1932-2006)

 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Garlic - the toxic shock

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
Ramblings********************************************
GARLIC - The Toxic Shock!
Reprinted from Nexus Feb/Mar 2001
**********************************************

The reason garlic is so toxic, the sulphone hydroxyl ion
penetrates the blood-brain barrier, just like DMSO, and is
a specific poison for higher-life forms and brain cells. We
discovered this, much to our horror, when I (Bob Beck, DSc)
was the world's largest manufacturer of ethical EEG
feedback equipment.
We'd have people come back from lunch that looked
clinically dead on an encephalograph, which we used to
calibrate their progress. "Well, what happened?" "Well, I
went to an Italian restaurant and there was some garlic in
my salad dressing!" So we had them sign things that they
wouldn't touch garlic before classes or we were wasting
their time, their money and my time.

I guess some of you who are pilots or have been in flight
tests...I was in flight test engineering in Doc Hallan's
group in the 1950's. The flight surgeon would come around
every month and remind all of us: "Don't you dare touch any
garlic 72 hours before you fly one of our airplanes,
because it'll double or triple your reaction time. You're three
times slower than you would be if you'd not had a few drops
of garlic."

Well, we didn't know why for 20 years later, until I owned
the Alpha-Metrics Corporation. We were building
biofeed-back equipment and found out that garlic usually
desynchronises your brain waves.

So I funded a study at Stanford and, sure enough, they
found that it's a poison. You can rub a clove of garlic on
your foot - a you can smell it shortly later on your
wrists.

So it penetrates the body. This is why DMSO smells a lot
like garlic: that sulphone hydroxyl ion penetrates all the
barriers including the corpus callosum in the brain.

Any of you who are organic gardeners know that if you don't
want to use DDT, garlic will kill anything in the way of
insects.

Now, most people have heard most of their lives garlic is
good for you, and we put those people in the same class of
ignorance as the mothers who at the turn of the century
would buy morphine sulphate in the drugstore and give it to
their babies to put'em to sleep.

If you have any patients who have low-grade headaches or
attention deficit disorder, they can't quite focus on the
computer in the after-noon, just do an experiment - you owe
it to yourselves. Take these people off garlic and see how
much better they get, very very shortly. And then let them
eat a little garlic after about three weeks. They'll say
"My God, I had no idea that this was the cause of our
problems."

And this includes the de-skunked garlic's, Kyolic, some of
the other products.

Very unpopular, but I've got to tell you the truth.

Source: From a lecture by Dr. Robert C Beck, DSc, given at
the Whole Life Expo, Seattle, WA, USA, in March 1996, Nexus
Magazine.
 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Fly-inn South Africa

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsSouth Africa has an airpark near Johannesburg with about 35 houses and aircraft. Here are a few pictures.





 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Rivet strength tests

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsFrom Bill Marvel:


Two days ago I got around to doing something that I had planned last
year -- actual pull tests on riveted aluminum coupons to see how
critical it is to drive rivets to the correct height. All of us
building or with completed RVs (as will those those planning on it in
the future) have had to wonder which imperfect rivets to drill out and
which are OK. The answer is obvious when there is a severe cosmetic
problem, but when strength is at issue, how much does a slightly under
or overdriven rivet affect strength? How much does a grossly under or
overdriven rivet affect it? Frankly, I had made the decision that the
risk of damage from drilling out a flush rivet is greater than the
benefit of doing so, unless an obvious cosmetic defect or really bad
rivet is at issue. Now I have some hard data to go by.



What I did was to make up 10 test coupons. Each of these consisted of
two pieces of .032 2024-T3 sheet 1.5 inches wide and 4 inches long.
These two pieces were overlapped by 1.5 inches and riveted together with
two parallel rows of 3 rivets each. Of the 10 total coupons, five
involved the use of universal head AN 470 AD3 rivets and the other 5
used AN 426 AD3 flush rivets. In the latter case, both pieces of
aluminum were dimpled at each rivet location, as is routinely done in
Van's airplanes. In fact, the coupon construction is similar to the
double rivet line where the lower outboard wing skin overlaps the lower
inboard wing skin. This joint is loaded in tension normally for
positive G flight and gave me the idea to mimic it for the pull tests.



Before getting into the results, let me ask you a question. Please
think about the answer before proceeding. Just how many pounds of force
do you think it would take to destroy one of the sheets used in making
up the coupons? Remember this is .032, 2024-T3 sheet 4 inches long and
1.5 inches wide with no holes or rivets in it. Think about grabbing and
suspending it at one end with some sort of clamp across the entire 1.5
inch width and then hanging weights on the other end from another clamp.
How much weight would it take to break this .032 inch thick sheet?
Would a 100 pound set of barbells do it? A 500 pound set? A 1200 pound
small car? A gross weight RV8 at 1800 pounds? A gross weight Grumman
Tiger at 2400 pounds? More than that? Come up with some sort of gut
feel before proceeding. I was surprised by the answer. You may or may
not be, depending on your knowledge in this area.



Since some of you will cheat and read on, I'll hold the answer for a
moment! Each of the 5 test coupons, both with the universal head rivets
and the flush head rivets, was riveted to a different degree. One was
grossly under driven, one was slightly under driven, one was correct per
the rivet gauge, one was slightly over driven and the last was grossly
over driven. The slightly under driven and slightly over driven rivets
were such that you would probably need a rivet gauge to detect them -- I
did this because I suspect that most of the rivets in our planes fall
into this category. The grossly over and under driven rivets were
really gross. The over driven were squashed nearly flat and the under
driven were barely set at all. I did this to see just how poorly a
joint make of this sort of gross error would hold up. You would easily
see these and know there was a problem immediately. You'll find the
results interesting.........



The idea was to put each coupon in a pull test machine and expose the
riveted joint to a slowly increasing force until it yielded. This was
done at a structural test lab in Paramount (Southern CA city) that works
mostly with civil engineering construction materials. A stress/strain
graph was running and we monitored it to see the first indication of
joint failure as indicated by a decrease in force required as the coupon
stretched, cracked, broke in two, sheared or tipped rivets, etc. I was
interested in the force required to cause the initial failure, as well
as the nature and appearance of that initial failure; ie, what actually
happened first. We agreed to stop the machine at the incipient
indication of failure, thus preserving the coupon in its early failure
state without destroying the joint completely. I was very curious as to
how things would fail and really had no idea other than the thought that
the dimpled, flush riveted joint would probably be stronger than the
undimpled one with the 470 universal head rivets. In contrast, one of
the owners of the lab came in to watch and thought the opposite would be
true. In his 50 years in the business, he had never seen this test
done. What do you think would hold best?



That said, here is the answer to my prior question. A force of 2300
pounds was required to break the test material with no rivets or holes
in it. It failed catastrophically shortly after some initial stretching
was noted. I had no idea that a cross section of this 2024 T3 sheet,
.032 inches thick and 1.5 inches wide, would sustain anywhere near that
load. Frankly, I was surprised when it passed 1000 pounds and still
going strong.



Before showing you the numbers, I will give a brief summary of them:



1. The dimpled, flush riveted construction was stronger, but not by as
much as I had thought. However, and this is really important, initial
failure of the dimpled construction was generally not catastrophic and
occurred as rivet tipping and rivet head distortion. In contrast,
initial failure of the AN 470 undimpled construction was generally
catastrophic by rivet shear. I am really happy Van uses the flush
riveted, double dimpled joints throughout most of the airplane!



2. Slightly under driving or slightly over driving a rivet makes an
observable and thus measurable difference in the joint strength.



3. Slightly over driving is stronger than slightly under driving and
results (in my opinion) in an insignificant difference in strength as
compared to properly driven rivets.



4. In the one test of slightly over driven AN 470 rivets, the joint was
actually stronger than with properly driven rivets. This may have just
been the luck of the draw for this single sample, so I wouldn't put any
real faith in it.



5. A joint made of grossly over driven rivets is stronger joint than a
joint make of grossly under driven ones.



6. A grossly under driven AN 470 joint is much weaker than a grossly
under driven AN 426 joint.



7. No joint was as strong as the parent material itself.



To summarize the summary, try for properly driven rivets but realize
that minor over driving is preferable to minor under driving and results
in nearly the same strength as does the condition of properly driven
rivets.



AN 426 AD 3 Table



Condition Force at failure Nature of failure



Gross under 1650 Rivet tipping, head distortion

Slight under 1775 Same

Correct 2025 Same

Slight over 1975 Same

Gross over 1825 Sheet tear at rivet line





AN 470 AD 3 Table



Gross under 1100 Rivet tip plus one sheared rivet

Slight under 1600 5 sheared rivets!

Correct 1625 6 sheared rivets!

Slight over 1750 6 sheared rivets!

Gross over 1500 Rivet tip plus sheet tear at

rivet line



Anyway, those are some real numbers for an area we have undoubtedly
thought about at one time or another. My opinions, FWIW: I think an
occasional rivet that is slightly under driven or slightly over driven
is utterly no big deal and can safely be ignored. We all have some of
these flying in formation in our airplanes. A line of them would be
another matter. Even an occasional grossly over driven rivet is
probably OK, especially if getting rid of it could cause damage. And if
underdriven too much, just whack it again. Hope you learned something
from this. I certainly did.



Bill Marvel

 
Post a comment
Comments (0)

Delta Air Lines 767 engine fire

 Email Article To a Friend View Printable Version 
RamblingsOn a recent flight from Zurich to Atlanta, the Boeing 767 I was flying in had a fire in the right engine just about 20 minutes after takeoff. Capt. Birdsong and his FO diverted us down to Nice, where we landed without incident. I guess all that recurrent training paid off!

Here are some photos after we landed. I was a bit too thick to get some pictures of the fuel being dumped - that was rather impressive, and got the flight attendant's attention as well. One thing they need to do is train the FAs for this type of incident, since they were all pretty worried. I was sitting very close to the rear galley, and could hear the conversations. I took a moment to reassure them, since if we are taking the time to dump fuel, and had bypassed two very good landing sites (Geneva and Lyon), then things were under control in the cockpit. Of course, I could have had it all wrong!

The fire was non-existant by the time we landed, but the fire crew was on hand to spray some foam around just in case.









This guy was coming around to snatch my camera from me. Not sure why, but I got him to come to his senses and give it back to me. I guess he is normally on the top secret airport patrol.











A nice, 24 hour delay, and all I got from Delta Air Lines was - nothing! What was really cool is that we went to the terminal, and the flight crew stayed with the aircraft. Not sure why, but it was not going anywhere. When the plane load of people arrived at the terminal, no one knew what to do with us. We hung around for a few hours until we were finally sent to a local hotel, which was pretty decent.

We left the next day, which happened to be inauguration day in the US. I *really* didn't want to fly on that day, and, as you can expect, there were lots of problems for any flights that wanted to pass within a few thousand miles of DC. I eventually got to Austin to see my mom, but I missed one of her last days on Earth due to this delay.
 
Post a comment
Comments (0)
 Copyright © 2010 Mickey's RV8 Site
 All trademarks and copyrights on this page are owned by their respective owners.
Powered By Geeklog 
Created this page in 0.09 seconds